Jet fuel

Shell Refueller

Aircraft being fueled

IBE-refueling-gua

US Navy 101117-N-9706M-326 Machinist's Mate 3rd Class Robert Loughbom inspects a sample of JP-5 jet fuel aboard the amphibious transport dock ship

Jet fuel vs oil prices

Jet fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is one of the most critical components in the aviation industry, ensuring the efficient and safe operation of airplanes around the globe. Jet fuel is formulated to have a high flash point and a low freezing point to maintain performance under the wide range of temperatures aircraft encounter, from hot airport tarmacs to the cold temperatures at cruising altitudes.

Types of Jet Fuel

The most common types of jet fuel are Jet A, Jet A-1, and Jet B.

• Jet A is primarily used in the United States and has a higher flash point than Jet A-1.
• Jet A-1 is the most internationally used jet fuel standard, with a lower freezing point than Jet A, making it suitable for international flights, especially those that traverse polar routes.
• Jet B is a more volatile fuel used for its enhanced cold-weather performance, particularly in military aircraft and in certain civilian operations in cold climates.

Production

Jet fuel is produced through the distillation of crude oil. The process involves heating the crude oil to separate its components, followed by further processing and blending to meet specific aviation standards. Additives may be included to improve fuel performance, including antioxidants to prevent oxidation, corrosion inhibitors, and static dissipators to reduce the risk of static electricity igniting the fuel.

Specifications and Standards

Jet fuel specifications are internationally standardized to ensure safety and performance across the aviation industry. The most recognized standards are set by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in the United States and the Defence Standard (Def Stan) in the United Kingdom. These standards cover aspects such as flash point, freezing point, and energy density.

Environmental Impact

The use of jet fuel has significant environmental impacts, including the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which contribute to global warming and climate change. The aviation industry is exploring alternatives to reduce these impacts, including biofuels and more efficient engine technologies.

Safety

Handling and storing jet fuel requires strict safety measures due to its flammability. Airports and service providers follow rigorous protocols to prevent leaks, spills, and fires. This includes regular maintenance of fueling equipment, proper training for personnel, and the use of protective gear.

Future of Jet Fuel

Research into alternative jet fuels, including sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and synthetic fuels, is ongoing. These alternatives aim to reduce the environmental impact of air travel by lowering emissions and using renewable resources. The adoption of such fuels is critical for the aviation industry's goal of achieving carbon-neutral growth.