John Rolph

Canadian physician, lawyer, and political figure

John Rolph (4 March 1793 – 19 October 1870) was a Canadian physician, lawyer, and political figure. He played a significant role in the early political landscape of Upper Canada and was a key figure in the Rebellions of 1837–1838.

Early Life and Education

John Rolph was born in Thornbury, Gloucestershire, England. He was the son of Thomas Rolph, a clergyman, and his wife, Mary. The family emigrated to Upper Canada in 1808. Rolph pursued his education in medicine and law, studying at St John's College, Cambridge and later at Guy's Hospital in London.

Medical Career

Rolph established himself as a prominent physician in Upper Canada. He was known for his medical expertise and was instrumental in founding the Toronto School of Medicine, which later became part of the University of Toronto. His contributions to medical education were significant, and he was a respected figure in the medical community.

Portrait of John Rolph

Political Career

Rolph's political career began in 1824 when he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada. He was a reformer and advocated for responsible government. Rolph was involved in the Reform movement and was a contemporary of other reformers such as William Lyon Mackenzie.

Rebellions of 1837

Rolph played a controversial role in the Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837. Initially, he was a moderate reformer, but he became more radical over time. He was involved in planning the rebellion and was forced to flee to the United States when it failed. His involvement in the rebellion marked a turning point in his political career.

Fort Niagara, where Rolph fled after the rebellion

Later Life

After the rebellion, Rolph returned to Canada and continued his work in medicine and politics. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and held various government positions. Rolph was appointed as the first dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto.

Legacy

John Rolph's legacy is marked by his contributions to both medicine and politics in Canada. He was a pioneer in medical education and a significant figure in the reform movement. His life and career reflect the complexities of early Canadian politics and the struggle for responsible government.

The Third Parliament Buildings, where Rolph served

Related Pages

• Upper Canada Rebellion
• Toronto School of Medicine
• William Lyon Mackenzie

Illustration of John Rolph from 1885