John Webster

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Duchess of Malfi title page

John Webster (c. 1580 – c. 1634) was an English playwright known for his tragic plays during the late Elizabethan era and early Jacobean era. His life, much like those of many playwrights of his time, is not well-documented, and as such, much of what is known about him comes from his works and the few historical records that mention him. Webster's most notable contributions to English literature include The Duchess of Malfi and The White Devil, both of which are celebrated for their complex characters, psychological depth, and exploration of themes such as power, corruption, and the human condition.

Life

Little is known about John Webster's early life. He was born around 1580 in London, the son of a coach-maker. His exact date of birth and details about his education remain obscure, but it is speculated that he may have attended the Inns of Court, as his plays demonstrate a detailed knowledge of legal terminology. Webster's career as a playwright began in the early 1600s, during which he collaborated with contemporary playwrights such as Thomas Dekker and John Fletcher.

Career

Webster's early works were primarily comedies and collaborative efforts. However, he is best known for his later tragedies, The White Devil (1612) and The Duchess of Malfi (1614), which are considered masterpieces of Jacobean drama. These plays are characterized by their dark themes, complex characters, and use of blank verse. Webster's writing is noted for its poetic quality and its exploration of themes such as death, betrayal, and the darker aspects of human nature.

The Duchess of Malfi is particularly renowned for its strong female protagonist, the Duchess, who defies the oppressive forces of her brothers to pursue love and happiness, only to meet a tragic end. The play is celebrated for its emotional depth and the way it addresses issues of gender, power, and morality.

Themes and Style

Webster's work is marked by a deep cynicism about human nature and the corrupting influence of power. His plays often explore the themes of revenge, jealousy, and the moral ambiguity of his characters. Webster's use of language is also notable for its richness and complexity, employing a wide range of literary devices to enhance the emotional and psychological depth of his narratives.

Legacy

John Webster's contribution to English literature and drama is significant. His works are studied for their literary merit and as examples of early 17th-century drama. While not as prolific as some of his contemporaries, such as William Shakespeare, Webster's plays are considered important works in the canon of English literature for their unique style and exploration of themes that continue to resonate with audiences and readers today.

Selected Works

• The White Devil (1612)
• The Duchess of Malfi (1614)
• The Devil's Law Case (1623)
• Collaborations with other playwrights, including Westward Ho and Northward Ho with Thomas Dekker