Keel

Keel refers to a structure found in the anatomy of birds and some non-avian dinosaurs. It is an extension of the sternum which runs axially along the midline of the sternum and extends outward, perpendicular to the plane of the ribs. The keel provides an anchor to which a bird's wing muscles attach, thereby providing adequate leverage for flight. Keels do not exist on all birds; in particular, flightless birds tend to lack a well-developed keel.

Anatomy

The keel is the central part of the sternum, found in most birds. The keel is extended ventrally with a ridge-like projection. This ridge-like projection is more prominent in flying birds, providing a large surface area for the attachment of the flight muscles. In flightless birds, the keel is often reduced or even absent.

Function

The primary function of the keel is to provide an attachment point for the bird's flight muscles. This allows for a strong and controlled wing movement, which is necessary for flight. The size and shape of the keel can vary among bird species, depending on their specific flight needs.

Evolution

The keel is thought to have evolved in birds as an adaptation for flight. The presence of a keel in some non-avian dinosaurs suggests that it may have initially evolved for reasons other than flight, and later became co-opted for flight in birds.

See also

• Bird anatomy
• Flightless bird
• Bird flight

Keel Resources
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