Khitan

Khitan

The Khitan were a nomadic people from the region of what is now Mongolia and parts of northern China. They played a significant role in the history of East Asia, particularly during the 10th and 11th centuries. The Khitan established the Liao Dynasty, which ruled over parts of China, Mongolia, and the Russian Far East.

Origins and Early History

The Khitan people are believed to have originated from the eastern slopes of the Greater Khingan Range. They were part of the larger group of Mongolic peoples and were closely related to the Mongols and Tungusic peoples. The Khitan language is classified as a member of the Para-Mongolic languages.

The Rise of the Liao Dynasty

In 907, the Khitan leader Abaoji declared himself emperor and established the Liao Dynasty. This marked the beginning of Khitan dominance in the region. The Liao Dynasty was characterized by its dual administration system, which governed both the nomadic Khitan and the sedentary Han Chinese populations.

Culture and Society

The Khitan had a rich culture that blended nomadic traditions with influences from the Chinese civilization. They were known for their skills in horseback riding and archery. The Khitan script, which was developed during the Liao Dynasty, is an example of their unique cultural contributions. It consisted of two scripts: the Khitan large script and the Khitan small script.

Decline and Legacy

The Liao Dynasty eventually fell to the Jurchen-led Jin Dynasty in 1125. However, the Khitan legacy continued through the Qara Khitai, a successor state that ruled parts of Central Asia. The Khitan also influenced the development of the Mongol Empire, as many Mongol leaders, including Genghis Khan, were aware of Khitan administrative practices and military strategies.

Also see

• Liao Dynasty
• Qara Khitai
• Mongolic peoples
• Jin Dynasty (1115–1234)
• Khitan large script
• Khitan small script