Kidney collecting duct cell
Kidney Collecting Duct Cell[edit | edit source]
The kidney collecting duct cell is a specialized type of epithelial cell found in the collecting duct of the kidney. These cells play a crucial role in the regulation of water and electrolyte balance in the body.
Structure[edit | edit source]
The collecting duct system is composed of several segments, including the cortical collecting duct, the outer medullary collecting duct, and the inner medullary collecting duct. Each segment contains different types of cells, including principal cells and intercalated cells.
Principal Cells[edit | edit source]
Principal cells are responsible for the reabsorption of sodium and the secretion of potassium. They are also involved in the regulation of water balance through the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water.
Intercalated Cells[edit | edit source]
Intercalated cells are involved in the regulation of acid-base balance. They come in two types: alpha-intercalated cells, which secrete hydrogen ions, and beta-intercalated cells, which secrete bicarbonate.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of the kidney collecting duct cells is to fine-tune the composition of urine by reabsorbing water and electrolytes and secreting ions. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
Water Reabsorption[edit | edit source]
Water reabsorption in the collecting duct is regulated by ADH, which binds to receptors on the principal cells, leading to the insertion of aquaporin channels into the cell membrane, allowing water to be reabsorbed into the bloodstream.
Electrolyte Balance[edit | edit source]
The reabsorption and secretion of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and chloride are tightly regulated by various hormones, including aldosterone, which increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Dysfunction of the collecting duct cells can lead to various renal disorders, such as diabetes insipidus, which is characterized by an inability to concentrate urine, leading to excessive urination and thirst.
See Also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
| Urinary system - Kidney - edit |
|---|
| Renal capsule | Renal cortex | Renal medulla (Renal sinus, Renal pyramids) | Renal calyx | Renal pelvis |
| Nephron - Renal corpuscle (Glomerulus, Bowman's capsule) → Proximal tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal convoluted tubule → Collecting ducts
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (Macula densa, Juxtaglomerular cells) Renal circulation - Renal artery → Interlobar arteries → Arcuate arteries → Cortical radial arteries → Afferent arterioles → Glomerulus → Efferent arterioles → Vasa recta → Arcuate vein → Renal vein |
| Renal physiology |
| Filtration - Ultrafiltration | Countercurrent exchange
Hormones effecting filtration - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | Aldosterone | Atrial natriuretic peptide Endocrine - Renin | Erythropoietin (EPO) | Calcitriol (Active vitamin D) | Prostaglandins |
| Assessing Renal function / Measures of Dialysis |
| Glomerular filtration rate | Creatinine clearance | Renal clearance ratio | Urea reduction ratio | Kt/V | Standardized Kt/V | Hemodialysis product |
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