King crab

Spiny king crab md

Neolithodes agassizii eating

King crab in Kirkenes

The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Alaskan red king crab

King crab refers to a variety of large crab species found in cold seas. Because of their size and the taste of their meat, several species are widely caught and sold as seafood, with the red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) being the most prized. These crabs are most commonly found in the Bering Sea and Alaskan waters, but they can also be found in the cold waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Description

King crabs are not true crabs (Brachyura), but belong to the infraorder Anomura, making them more closely related to hermit crabs and porcelain crabs. They have a distinctive body shape with a large, spiny shell (carapace) and three pairs of legs, a pair of claws, and two pairs of walking legs. The largest species, the red king crab, can span up to 1.8 meters (nearly 6 feet) from claw to claw.

Habitat and Distribution

King crabs inhabit cold water environments, ranging from the shallows to depths of over 800 meters (about 2,600 feet). They prefer soft-bottomed areas, which are conducive to their scavenging diet. The major fisheries for these crabs are located in the Bering Sea, particularly around Alaska, but populations also exist in the North Atlantic, including the waters around Norway and parts of the Russian coast.

Diet

King crabs are omnivores, feeding on a variety of organisms. Their diet includes fish, smaller crustaceans, mollusks, worms, and other sea floor detritus. They are known to be opportunistic feeders, taking advantage of whatever food sources are available.

Commercial Fishing

The commercial fishing of king crabs has been a significant industry, especially in Alaska. The red king crab fishery is the most lucrative, followed by the blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) and golden king crab (Lithodes aequispinus). These fisheries are subject to strict regulations to prevent overfishing and ensure sustainability. The season typically runs from October to January, depending on ice conditions and stock assessments.

Conservation

Concerns over declining populations due to overfishing, habitat destruction, and climate change have led to increased conservation efforts. These include setting quotas, limiting fishing seasons, and protecting nursery habitats. Research into king crab populations and their ecosystems is ongoing to better understand the impacts of human activities and environmental changes.

Culinary Use

King crab meat is highly prized for its sweet, tender flavor and texture. It is consumed worldwide, often simply steamed or boiled and served with butter. The legs are the most sought-after part, containing the bulk of the meat. King crab is a staple in many seafood dishes and is especially popular in the United States, Japan, and Russia.