Kingdom of Castile

Map Iberian Peninsula 1037-es

Crown of Castile - Map

Heraldic Sign of the King of Castile (1171-1214)

Royal Arms of Castille (1214-15th Century)

Royal Coat of Arms of the Crown of Castile (1230-1284)

Kingdom of Castile was a prominent medieval state located on the Iberian Peninsula, which played a significant role in the history of Spain. It emerged in the 9th century as a county under the dominion of the Kingdom of León but gained de facto independence and was proclaimed a kingdom in its own right under Ferdinand I in the 11th century. The Kingdom of Castile underwent significant expansion during the Reconquista, the centuries-long series of wars and battles against the Moors who occupied parts of the Iberian Peninsula.

History

The origins of Castile trace back to the early 9th century, initially as a frontier region known as the County of Castile, tasked with protecting the northern territories of the Kingdom of León against Moorish invasions. Its strategic importance and the growing power of its counts led to the elevation of Castile as a kingdom. The Kingdom of Castile played a pivotal role in the Reconquista, gradually expanding southward as it reconquered territory from the Moors.

In 1230, the crowns of Castile and León were permanently united under Ferdinand III, marking a significant step towards the eventual unification of Spain. The Kingdom of Castile became the most powerful Christian kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, leading the efforts against the Moors and completing the Reconquista with the conquest of Granada in 1492.

The Kingdom of Castile was instrumental in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. Under the rule of Isabella I and her husband Ferdinand II of Aragon, the Catholic Monarchs, Castile financed Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage, which led to the discovery of the New World.

Culture

The Kingdom of Castile had a rich cultural heritage, contributing significantly to the Spanish language and literature. The Castilian language, which originated from the dialects spoken in the Old Kingdom of Castile, became the basis for standard Spanish, known as Castilian Spanish. The kingdom was also home to the Mester de Juglaría and Mester de Clerecía, two important medieval literary movements.

Economy

The economy of the Kingdom of Castile was diverse, with agriculture playing a significant role. The kingdom was known for its wool and textile production, particularly the fine wool of the Merino sheep. Trade, both within the Iberian Peninsula and with other parts of Europe and the Mediterranean, was crucial for the kingdom's wealth and development.

Legacy

The Kingdom of Castile left a lasting legacy on Spain and the world. Its language, culture, and institutions significantly shaped the development of the Spanish state and its empire. The unification of Castile and Aragon under the Catholic Monarchs laid the groundwork for the modern Spanish nation.