Knapp's relational development model

From WikiMD's Food, Medicine & Wellness Encyclopedia

Esm%C3%A9Stewart 1stDukeOfLennox Died1583 NationalGallery Scotland

Knapp's Relational Development Model

Knapp's Relational Development Model is a well-known theory in the field of interpersonal communication that outlines the stages through which relationships typically progress and deteriorate. Developed by Mark L. Knapp, the model is divided into two main phases: the "coming together" phase and the "coming apart" phase, each consisting of five distinct stages.

Coming Together Phase[edit | edit source]

The "coming together" phase includes the following stages:

Initiating[edit | edit source]

The initiating stage involves the initial interaction between individuals. This stage is characterized by superficial conversations and the exchange of basic information. The primary goal is to make a favorable impression and establish a foundation for further interaction.

Experimenting[edit | edit source]

During the experimenting stage, individuals engage in small talk to learn more about each other. This stage involves the exchange of personal information and the exploration of common interests. It is a critical stage for determining whether a deeper relationship is desirable.

Intensifying[edit | edit source]

In the intensifying stage, the relationship becomes more intimate. Individuals begin to share more personal information, express feelings, and develop a sense of closeness. This stage often involves increased physical contact and emotional bonding.

Integrating[edit | edit source]

The integrating stage is marked by the merging of individuals' lives. They begin to identify as a couple or a close unit, and their social circles often overlap. Shared activities and routines become more common, and there is a strong sense of mutual commitment.

Bonding[edit | edit source]

The bonding stage represents the formalization of the relationship through public rituals such as marriage or other forms of commitment. This stage signifies a deep level of commitment and the intention to maintain the relationship long-term.

Coming Apart Phase[edit | edit source]

The "coming apart" phase includes the following stages:

Differentiating[edit | edit source]

In the differentiating stage, individuals begin to re-establish their individual identities. Differences and conflicts may arise, leading to a decrease in the sense of unity. This stage often involves a re-evaluation of the relationship.

Circumscribing[edit | edit source]

During the circumscribing stage, communication becomes limited and superficial. Individuals may avoid discussing certain topics to prevent conflict, leading to a decrease in intimacy and emotional connection.

Stagnating[edit | edit source]

The stagnating stage is characterized by a lack of growth and development in the relationship. Communication becomes routine and predictable, and there is little emotional involvement. The relationship may feel stuck and unfulfilling.

Avoiding[edit | edit source]

In the avoiding stage, individuals actively seek to distance themselves from each other. This may involve physical separation, reduced communication, and a general sense of disengagement from the relationship.

Terminating[edit | edit source]

The terminating stage marks the end of the relationship. This stage involves the formal separation of individuals, whether through divorce, breakup, or other means. The relationship is officially dissolved, and individuals move on with their lives.

Applications[edit | edit source]

Knapp's Relational Development Model is widely used in the study of interpersonal relationships, communication studies, and psychology. It provides a framework for understanding the dynamics of relationship formation and dissolution, and it is often applied in counseling, therapy, and relationship education.

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

External Links[edit | edit source]



This communication related article is a stub. You can help WikiMD by expanding it.

Wiki.png

Navigation: Wellness - Encyclopedia - Health topics - Disease Index‏‎ - Drugs - World Directory - Gray's Anatomy - Keto diet - Recipes

Search WikiMD


Ad.Tired of being Overweight? Try W8MD's physician weight loss program.
Semaglutide (Ozempic / Wegovy and Tirzepatide (Mounjaro / Zepbound) available.
Advertise on WikiMD

WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. See full disclaimer.

Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.

Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD