Knautia arvensis

Knautia arvensis flower (side view) - Keila

Acker-Witwenblume Knautia arvensis

Knautia arvensis - harilik äiatar

Aphantopus hyperantus knautia arvensis pl

Bombus sylvarum (male) - Knautia arvensis - Keila2

Knautia arvensis inflorescence (top view) - Keila

Knautia arvensis, commonly known as field scabious, is a species of flowering plant in the family Caprifoliaceae. It is native to Europe and Asia, where it thrives in a variety of habitats, including meadows, grasslands, and fields. The plant is easily recognizable by its lilac to pale blue flowers and pinnately lobed leaves.

Description

Knautia arvensis is a perennial herb that reaches heights of 30 to 100 cm. Its stems are branched and slightly hairy. The leaves are arranged oppositely on the stem, with the basal leaves being petiolate (having a long leafstalk) and the upper leaves sessile (lacking a leafstalk). The leaf shape is generally pinnately lobed, with the lobes being lanceolate to ovate.

The flowers of Knautia arvensis are borne in dense, globular heads, each head consisting of numerous small flowers (florets). The florets are usually lilac to pale blue in color, though occasionally they can be pink or white. The flowering period extends from early summer to early autumn, attracting a wide range of pollinators including bees, butterflies, and other insects.

Habitat and Distribution

Knautia arvensis is widely distributed across Europe and Asia. It prefers well-drained soils and can be found in a variety of open habitats, including meadows, grasslands, fields, and open woodlands. The plant is tolerant of a range of soil types and pH levels, which contributes to its widespread occurrence.

Ecology

The field scabious plays an important role in its ecosystem by providing nectar for pollinators. It is particularly attractive to bees and butterflies, which are key agents of pollination for many plants. Additionally, the seeds of Knautia arvensis are consumed by some bird species, contributing to seed dispersal.

Uses

Historically, Knautia arvensis has been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including skin conditions like scabies, hence the common name "scabious". However, its medicinal use is less common today, and it is primarily grown for ornamental purposes in gardens and landscapes. Its attractive flowers and ability to attract pollinators make it a valuable addition to wildlife gardens.

Conservation

While Knautia arvensis is not currently considered endangered, its habitat is threatened by agricultural intensification, urbanization, and habitat destruction. Conservation efforts are important to preserve its natural habitats and the biodiversity it supports.