Kojiki

Ono-Yasumaro

Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) is the oldest extant chronicle in Japan, dating back to the early 8th century (712 AD). It is a vital document in the study of Japanese mythology, history, and culture. The Kojiki is composed in three parts: the first part tells of the creation of heaven and earth and the birth of the gods, the second part narrates the ages of the gods, and the third part recounts the lineage of emperors up to Empress Suiko.

Composition and Structure

The Kojiki was compiled under the direction of Ō no Yasumaro at the request of Empress Genshō. It was based on earlier oral traditions and records, including the lost Teiki and Kuji, making it a crucial source for understanding the mythology and early history of Japan. The text is written in a mixture of Classical Chinese and phonetic transcription of Japanese, showcasing the linguistic transition of the period.

Contents

Part One: The Creation of the World and the Deities

The first section of the Kojiki describes the creation of the universe and the islands of Japan. It introduces the primordial gods and narrates the birth of the gods Izanagi and Izanami, who then create the Japanese archipelago. The famous story of their creation of the islands and gods, and Izanami's death and Izanagi's subsequent visit to Yomi (the underworld), are central myths in Japanese culture.

Part Two: The Age of the Gods

This section continues with the tales of the gods, focusing on their interactions, battles, and the birth of additional deities. It includes stories of significant deities such as Amaterasu, the sun goddess, and her descendants. The narrative also covers the heavenly descent of the grandson of Amaterasu, Ninigi, to the islands of Japan, establishing the divine origin of the Japanese imperial line.

Part Three: The Genealogy of the Emperors

The final part of the Kojiki records the lineage of the Japanese emperors, starting from Emperor Jimmu, considered the first emperor of Japan and a direct descendant of the gods, up to Empress Suiko. This section serves as a legitimization of the imperial family's divine right to rule and connects the human and divine realms through genealogy.

Significance

The Kojiki is a foundational text for understanding Shinto, the indigenous faith of Japan, and its myths and rituals. It provides insight into the ancient Japanese worldview, societal norms, and the origins of the imperial family. As a historical document, it offers valuable information on the political and cultural landscape of early Japan, despite its mythological and legendary elements.

Influence

The myths and stories found in the Kojiki have deeply influenced Japanese culture, literature, and art. Its themes of creation, death, and rebirth are recurrent in Japanese narrative and aesthetic, shaping the nation's identity and heritage. The Kojiki, along with the Nihon Shoki, another early chronicle, are essential texts for anyone studying Japanese history, religion, and folklore.

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