Kozhikode

Periplous of the Erythraean Sea

Vascodagama

Uru

Calicut 1572

Caminho maritimo para a India

Kozhikode, also known by its anglicized name Calicut, is a coastal city in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is the largest urban area in the state and serves as the principal trading port on the Malabar Coast. Historically, Kozhikode was known as the City of Spices for its role in the spice trade, and it was in Kozhikode that the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama first landed in India in 1498, establishing a sea route to India.

History

The history of Kozhikode is deeply intertwined with the maritime history of India. The city's strategic location on the southwest coast of India made it a pivotal point for trade between the Middle East and Southeast Asia. The region was known for its production of high-quality spices, especially black pepper, which was highly sought after by traders from across the world. The arrival of Vasco da Gama in Kozhikode marked the beginning of European colonial influence in India.

Geography

Kozhikode is located on the Malabar Coast, with the Arabian Sea to the west and the Wayanad hills to the east. The city's geography is characterized by its coastal plain, sandy beaches, and a network of rivers and canals. The climate is tropical monsoon, with heavy rainfall during the monsoon season from June to September.

Economy

The economy of Kozhikode has traditionally been driven by the spice trade. However, in recent years, the city has diversified into other sectors such as information technology (IT), manufacturing, and services. The Kozhikode Cyberpark, part of the Kerala Government's initiative to boost the IT sector, aims to create a thriving IT ecosystem in the region.

Culture

Kozhikode is renowned for its vibrant culture, which is a blend of traditional Kerala customs and a cosmopolitan lifestyle. The city is famous for its music, literature, and culinary traditions. Kozhikode's cuisine, particularly its biryanis and seafood dishes, reflects the influence of Arab, Brahmin, and Zamorin cultures.

Education

The city is a major educational hub in Kerala, home to prestigious institutions such as the Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode (IIMK) and the National Institute of Technology Calicut (NITC). These institutions attract students from all over India and abroad, contributing to the city's diverse demographic.

Transport

Kozhikode is well-connected by air, road, and rail. The Kozhikode International Airport serves both domestic and international flights, facilitating the city's trade and tourism. The city's railway station is an important halt for trains connecting Kerala with other parts of India. Additionally, Kozhikode's road network is extensive, providing easy access to major cities and tourist destinations in the region.

Tourism

Kozhikode's rich history, cultural heritage, and natural beauty make it a popular tourist destination. Attractions include the Kozhikode Beach, Mananchira Square, and the Kappad Beach, where Vasco da Gama landed. The city also serves as a gateway to the scenic Wayanad district, known for its lush landscapes and wildlife.