Labour law

Body of law concerning the rights and responsibilities of workers

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Coal miners in the early 20th century, a group historically affected by labour law.

Labour law (also known as employment law) mediates the relationship between workers, employing entities, trade unions, and the government. It encompasses a wide range of issues, including employment standards, workplace safety, and workers' rights.

History

The origins of labour law can be traced back to the Industrial Revolution, which brought about significant changes in the nature of work. The rise of factories and mass production led to the exploitation of workers, including long hours, low wages, and unsafe working conditions. This prompted the need for legal frameworks to protect workers.

Abolitionist movements were crucial in the development of early labour laws.

Early Developments

In the 19th century, the first labour laws were enacted to address these issues. The Factory Acts in the United Kingdom, for example, were among the first laws to regulate working hours and conditions, particularly for women and children. These laws laid the groundwork for modern labour legislation.

20th Century and Beyond

The 20th century saw significant advancements in labour law, particularly with the rise of trade unions and collective bargaining. The establishment of the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1919 marked a global commitment to improving labour standards. The ILO's conventions and recommendations have influenced national labour laws worldwide.

Miners during the 1926 General Strike in the UK, a pivotal moment in labour history.

Key Concepts

Labour law encompasses several key concepts that are essential for understanding the rights and responsibilities of workers and employers.

Employment Standards

Employment standards are the minimum requirements for working conditions, including wages, hours of work, and overtime pay. These standards are designed to ensure fair treatment of workers and prevent exploitation.

Workplace Safety

Workplace safety laws are designed to protect workers from hazards on the job. These laws require employers to provide a safe working environment and to comply with health and safety regulations.

Collective Bargaining

Collective bargaining is the process by which workers, through their unions, negotiate with employers to establish the terms and conditions of employment. This process is a fundamental aspect of labour law and is protected by law in many countries.

The World Trade Organization influences international labour standards.

International Labour Standards

International labour standards are established by organizations such as the ILO and the World Trade Organization (WTO). These standards aim to promote fair and equitable treatment of workers globally and to prevent a "race to the bottom" in labour conditions.

Modern Challenges

Labour law continues to evolve in response to new challenges, such as globalization, technological advancements, and changes in the nature of work. Issues such as gig economy workers' rights, remote work, and workplace discrimination are at the forefront of contemporary labour law discussions.

Factory workers in the early 20th century, highlighting the industrial roots of labour law.

Related Pages

• Trade union
• Collective bargaining
• Occupational safety and health
• Minimum wage
• International Labour Organization

Carpenters at work, representing skilled trades affected by labour law.