Laccaria bicolor

Laccaria, DOE

Laccaria bicolor is a species of mushroom belonging to the family Hydnangiaceae. It is notable for its symbiotic relationship with various tree species, acting as a mycorrhizal partner and playing a significant role in forest ecosystems. This mushroom is characterized by its distinctive two-toned coloration, with a typically lilac to purple cap and gills, and a white to pale stalk. Laccaria bicolor is widely studied for its ecological importance and potential applications in forestry and mycoremediation.

Description

Laccaria bicolor features a cap that ranges from 2 to 10 cm in diameter, initially convex before flattening out with age, often retaining a slight central depression or umbo. The cap's surface is smooth, with a lilac to purple hue that fades with age or exposure to sunlight. The gills are spaced moderately, adherent to slightly decurrent, and share the cap's distinctive coloration, though they may lighten over time. The stalk measures 4 to 10 cm in height and 0.5 to 1 cm in thickness, more or less equal along its length but sometimes swollen at the base. It is white to pale lilac, becoming hollow with age.

The spores of Laccaria bicolor are broadly ellipsoid, smooth, and possess a distinctive spore print color that ranges from white to pale pink. This species is found in both coniferous and deciduous forests, forming symbiotic mycorrhizal associations with a wide variety of trees, including species of pine, oak, and birch. These relationships are crucial for nutrient exchange between the fungus and its host, facilitating the growth and health of forest ecosystems.

Habitat and Distribution

Laccaria bicolor is widely distributed across North America, Europe, and parts of Asia, thriving in both temperate and boreal forests. It prefers moist, well-drained soils rich in organic matter and is commonly found in mixed woodlands, often forming fairy rings. The presence of Laccaria bicolor is an indicator of a healthy mycorrhizal network within a forest, contributing to the biodiversity and productivity of these environments.

Ecological Role

The ecological role of Laccaria bicolor is primarily as a mycorrhizal fungus, facilitating the transfer of water, nutrients, and minerals from the soil to its plant partners. This mutualistic relationship enhances plant growth, increases resistance to environmental stressors, and contributes to the overall stability of forest ecosystems. Laccaria bicolor is also involved in soil formation and maintenance processes, helping to bind soil particles together and improve soil structure.

Research and Applications

Research on Laccaria bicolor has focused on its potential applications in forestry, such as in the reforestation of degraded lands and the enhancement of tree growth in commercial forests. Its ability to form mycorrhizal associations with a wide range of tree species makes it a valuable tool in forest management and conservation efforts. Additionally, studies on the genetic and molecular basis of the symbiotic relationship between Laccaria bicolor and its host plants are providing insights into the mechanisms of mycorrhization, with potential applications in improving the efficiency of nutrient uptake in crops.

See Also

• Mycorrhiza
• Forest ecology
• Mycelial network
• Symbiosis