Lacertidae

Jaszczurka-Lacerta agilis

Troodos lizard (Phoenicolacerta troodica)

Lacertid gab fbi

Lacertidae is a family of lizards commonly referred to as wall lizards, true lizards, or sometimes simply lacertids. They are part of the order Squamata, which also includes snakes and amphisbaenia (worm lizards). The Lacertidae family is diverse and widespread, occurring mainly in Europe, Africa, and Asia, with a few species extending into the northernmost parts of the Middle East.

Description

Lacertidae species vary greatly in size and morphology but generally share common characteristics such as a long body, a tail that can be shed to escape predators (autotomy), and scales that are often keeled. They range in size from small species measuring just a few centimeters to larger ones over 25 cm in length. Their coloration is usually vibrant and can be used for camouflage or signaling during mating rituals.

Habitat and Distribution

Lacertids are found in a variety of habitats, from arid deserts to lush forests. They are primarily terrestrial, although some species are known to climb trees or bushes. Their distribution covers a wide geographical area, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean region. These lizards are adaptable and can be found at sea level up to high mountain elevations.

Behavior and Ecology

Lacertidae are diurnal, active during the day when they hunt for insects and other small invertebrates. They are excellent climbers and runners, which aids in both catching prey and evading predators. Some species exhibit territorial behavior, with males defending their territory from rivals, especially during the breeding season.

Reproduction among lacertids is predominantly oviparous, with females laying eggs that hatch into fully formed juveniles. However, a few species are ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young.

Conservation

While many lacertid species are common and not currently at risk, habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change pose threats to some species, especially those with limited ranges. Conservation efforts are in place for several endangered species within the family.

Systematics and Evolution

The family Lacertidae is divided into several genera, which are further subdivided into numerous species. The evolutionary history of lacertids is complex, with a fossil record that traces back to the Paleogene period, indicating a long history of diversification and adaptation to various ecological niches.

In Culture

In some cultures, lacertids are seen as symbols of good luck and are welcomed as natural pest controllers. However, in other regions, they are often misunderstood and can be subject to superstitions and myths.