Lacquerware

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Qin-Han Model Room of Lacquered Articles (10163492564)

20080918094303!Red lacquer tray with gold engraving, Song Dynasty

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Lacquer painting over wood, Northern Wei

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Male figure from a lacquer painting over wood, Northern Wei

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Red lacquered bowl from the Hemudu culture(Neolithic) in Zhejiang Museum

Lacquerware refers to objects that are decoratively coated with lacquer, a clear or coloured varnish that dries by solvent evaporation and often a curing process as well that produces a hard, durable finish, in any sheen levels from ultra matte to high gloss and can be further polished as required. The art of lacquerware has been practiced in various cultures around the world, notably in Asia, with significant traditions in China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Lacquerware includes a wide range of items from utensils, furniture, to art objects. These items are made from various materials such as wood, bamboo, metal, and paper, which are then coated with lacquer derived from the sap of the lacquer tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum), a practice that dates back thousands of years.

History

The history of lacquerware is ancient, with the earliest examples found in China dating back to the Neolithic period. This tradition spread to neighboring regions in Asia, including Japan, where it developed into distinct styles such as the maki-e technique, which involves sprinkling gold or silver powder over wet lacquer to create designs. In Southeast Asia, countries like Thailand and Myanmar have their unique traditions of lacquerware, often incorporating local motifs and techniques.

Techniques

Lacquerware production involves several intricate steps, starting with the preparation of the base material, which is then shaped and smoothed before the application of lacquer. Multiple layers of lacquer are applied, with each layer being allowed to dry and then polished before the next is added. This process can take several weeks to months, depending on the complexity and desired finish of the piece. Advanced techniques, such as the aforementioned maki-e, as well as inlaying with mother-of-pearl, eggshell, and metal, are used to create detailed decorations.

Cultural Significance

Lacquerware holds significant cultural value in many societies. In China, it is associated with luxury and the refined tastes of the imperial court and the elite. Japanese lacquerware, known as urushi, is integral to the tea ceremony and other traditional rituals. In Southeast Asia, lacquerware is often used in religious and ceremonial objects, reflecting the spiritual beliefs and artistic heritage of the region.

Preservation and Care

Lacquerware requires careful handling and maintenance to preserve its beauty and integrity. It should be protected from direct sunlight, extreme temperatures, and humidity changes, which can cause cracking and deterioration. Cleaning should be done with a soft, dry cloth to avoid scratching the surface.

Contemporary Lacquerware

Today, lacquerware continues to be appreciated for its aesthetic and functional qualities. Modern artists and craftsmen combine traditional techniques with contemporary designs, creating pieces that appeal to a global market while preserving the cultural heritage of lacquerware artistry.