Lama

Dalai Lama 1430 Luca Galuzzi 2007crop

Lama refers to a title for a teacher of the Dharma in Tibetan Buddhism. The term is similar to the Sanskrit word guru (teacher or mentor) and is used in Buddhism to denote a spiritual teacher. Lamaism is sometimes used to describe Tibetan Buddhism, though this term is considered by some to be outdated and inaccurate. The role of a lama extends beyond that of a teacher, as they often are revered as spiritual leaders and are sometimes believed to be incarnations of Bodhisattvas or other enlightened beings.

Origins and History

The title "Lama" originates from the Tibetan word blama (with the "b" silent), which means "superior one," signifying a teacher of high status. Tibetan Buddhism itself has roots in the 7th century CE when Buddhism started to spread into Tibet from India and other regions. Over centuries, the institution of the lama evolved, incorporating elements of the earlier Bon religion, which was the indigenous spiritual tradition of Tibet. The development of distinct schools of Tibetan Buddhism, such as the Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug, each with their own lineages of lamas, further enriched the religious landscape.

Role and Functions

Lamas serve multiple roles within Tibetan Buddhism and the communities they serve. They are not only spiritual teachers, guiding students in the teachings of the Buddha, meditation practices, and the path to enlightenment, but also community leaders and advisors. In many cases, lamas are also involved in the ritual aspects of Tibetan life, conducting ceremonies, blessings, and initiations.

Tulku System

A unique aspect of Tibetan Buddhism is the Tulku system, where lamas, particularly those of high renown, are believed to be reincarnations of previous lamas. The most famous examples of this system are the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama, whose successive reincarnations have played pivotal roles in the spiritual and sometimes political life of Tibet. The process of identifying a tulku involves a combination of spiritual signs, visions, and tests given to potential candidates.

Education and Training

Becoming a lama involves rigorous religious education and training. Candidates often enter monastic life as novices at a young age and undergo extensive study of Buddhist philosophy, meditation, and ritual practices. The path to becoming a lama is not fixed and can vary depending on the individual and the tradition they are part of. Some lamas are recognized based on their spiritual attainment and mastery of Buddhist practices, while others are identified through the Tulku system as reincarnations of previous lamas.

Contemporary Significance

Today, lamas continue to play a vital role in the preservation and dissemination of Tibetan Buddhism, both within Tibet and in the global Buddhist community. The spread of Tibetan Buddhism to the West has been significantly facilitated by lamas who have established monasteries, teaching centers, and retreats around the world. This global presence has led to increased interest in Tibetan Buddhism and its practices, contributing to the religion's growth and adaptation in the 21st century.