Larynx atresia

Larynx Atresia is a rare congenital condition characterized by the absence or closure of the larynx, the organ in the throat involved in breathing, producing sound, and protecting the trachea against food aspiration. This condition is often associated with other anomalies and syndromes, such as Fraser syndrome and Pallister-Hall syndrome.

Etiology

The exact cause of larynx atresia is unknown. However, it is believed to occur during the early stages of embryonic development, when the larynx is forming. Genetic factors may also play a role, as the condition is often seen in conjunction with genetic syndromes.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of larynx atresia is the inability to breathe independently at birth. Other symptoms may include a weak or absent cry, difficulty swallowing, and cyanosis (bluish color of the skin due to lack of oxygen).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of larynx atresia can be challenging due to its rarity. It is often diagnosed prenatally through ultrasound imaging, which may reveal an enlarged hypopharynx and absence of normal laryngeal structures. Postnatal diagnosis involves direct visualization of the larynx using laryngoscopy.

Treatment

Treatment for larynx atresia is primarily surgical. The goal of surgery is to create an open airway, which may involve tracheostomy or laryngeal reconstruction. In some cases, a tracheoesophageal fistula may be present, which also requires surgical correction.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with larynx atresia varies widely and depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of associated anomalies or syndromes. With appropriate treatment, many individuals can lead normal lives.

See also

• Congenital anomalies of the larynx
• Laryngeal cleft
• Laryngomalacia