Law of India

Law of India refers to the system of law in modern India. It is largely based on English common law because of the long period of British colonial influence during the period of British Raj. The Constitution of India, which came into effect on 26 January 1950 is the supreme law of India.

History[edit | edit source]

The history of law in India is closely linked to the country's history. The Manusmriti, also known as the Laws of Manu, is one of the earliest known legal texts from India, dating back to at least 200 BC. The Arthashastra, written by Chanakya, was a treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy which identified the king's duty as ensuring the welfare of his people and the protection of the state.

Constitution of India[edit | edit source]

The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework that demarcates fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any country on earth.

Criminal Law[edit | edit source]

The main legislation pertaining to criminal law is the Indian Penal Code, which was enacted in 1860. It provides a framework for the process of criminal law within the country. Other important laws include the Code of Criminal Procedure, which outlines the procedural aspects of the criminal law, and the Indian Evidence Act, which sets out the rules of evidence.

Civil Law[edit | edit source]

Civil law in India is a complex system of laws due to the country's diverse ethnic, religious and tribal groups. The Indian Contract Act, 1872 governs the law of contracts in India. The Transfer of Property Act regulates the transfer of property in India.

Family Law[edit | edit source]

Family law in India is based on the religious community of the person in question. There are different laws for different religious communities such as the Hindu Marriage Act, Muslim Personal Law, and Christian Marriage Act.

Labour Law[edit | edit source]

Labour law in India is governed by a comprehensive list of laws including the Factories Act, 1948, Minimum Wages Act, and the Trade Unions Act, 1926.

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