Lead service line

Pipes that connect a water main to a building

Lead Service Line

A lead service line is a pipe made of lead that connects the water main to a building's plumbing system. These pipes were commonly used in the early 20th century due to lead's durability and malleability. However, they pose significant health risks due to the potential for lead to leach into the drinking water, leading to lead poisoning.

Lead water main in Washington, D.C.

Health Risks

Lead is a toxic metal that can cause a variety of health problems, particularly in young children and pregnant women. Exposure to lead can result in developmental issues, neurological damage, and other serious health conditions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have established guidelines to minimize lead exposure, emphasizing the importance of removing lead service lines.

Identification

Identifying lead service lines can be challenging, as they are often buried underground and not visible. Homeowners can check the pipe material where it enters the home or consult with local water utilities for records. Lead pipes are typically dull gray and can be easily scratched with a key or coin, revealing a shiny surface beneath.

Lead gooseneck pipe section

Replacement

Replacing lead service lines is a critical step in reducing lead exposure. This process involves removing the entire lead pipe and replacing it with a safer material, such as copper or plastic. Many municipalities have programs to assist homeowners with the cost of replacement, and some areas have mandated the removal of all lead service lines.

Regulatory Actions

In response to the health risks associated with lead service lines, various regulations have been implemented. The Safe Drinking Water Act requires water systems to monitor lead levels and take action if they exceed certain thresholds. The Lead and Copper Rule mandates corrosion control measures to prevent lead leaching and requires public education and lead service line replacement when necessary.

Identifying a lead service line

Corrosion Control

Corrosion control is a method used to prevent lead from leaching into drinking water. This involves adjusting the water chemistry to form a protective coating inside the pipes. Common methods include adding phosphate compounds or adjusting the pH and alkalinity of the water.

Chemical pumps used in water purification

Public Awareness

Public awareness campaigns are crucial in educating communities about the dangers of lead service lines and the importance of replacement. These campaigns often involve collaboration between local governments, health departments, and community organizations to provide information and resources to affected residents.

Related Pages

• Lead poisoning
• Water supply network
• Safe Drinking Water Act
• Environmental Protection Agency