Leonard Roy Harmon

USS Harmon Poster

Leonard Roy Harmon was a United States Navy sailor who was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for his heroic actions during the Second World War. Harmon was born in Cuero, Texas, on January 21, 1917, and enlisted in the Navy from his native state in 1939. He is most notably remembered for his bravery aboard the USS San Francisco during the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal on November 13, 1942.

Early Life

Leonard Roy Harmon was raised in Cuero, Texas, where he completed his early education. Seeking opportunities and drawn by a sense of patriotism, Harmon enlisted in the United States Navy in 1939, prior to the outbreak of World War II.

Military Career

After completing basic training, Harmon was assigned to the cruiser USS San Francisco, a New Orleans-class cruiser, as a Steward's Mate, a rating that, at the time, was one of the few available to African-American servicemen due to the segregation policies of the U.S. military.

Heroism at Guadalcanal

During the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, the USS San Francisco came under heavy fire from Japanese forces. In the midst of the battle, Harmon was instrumental in aiding wounded sailors, demonstrating exceptional bravery. Despite the danger, he exposed himself to enemy fire to assist his shipmates. His actions were crucial in saving the lives of several men, including that of a wounded lieutenant. Harmon was mortally wounded while protecting the lieutenant with his own body.

Legacy

For his "extraordinary heroism and devotion to duty," Harmon was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross, becoming one of the first African-American sailors to receive this honor during World War II. His courage and sacrifice have been recognized in various ways:

• The USS Harmon, a Buckley-class destroyer escort, was the first U.S. Navy ship to be named after an African-American. It was commissioned on August 25, 1943.
• Leonard Roy Harmon is memorialized in several institutions and through scholarships aimed at honoring his legacy and supporting African-American students.

Death and Memorials

Leonard Roy Harmon died on November 13, 1942, during the battle in which he displayed his valor. He was buried with full military honors. Memorials in his honor include the naming of the USS Harmon and scholarships established in his name.

Impact

Harmon's heroism and the recognition he received played a part in the gradual movement towards the desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces, which would be officially ordered by President Harry S. Truman in 1948. His story remains a poignant example of bravery and sacrifice in the face of adversity.