Lesser celandine

Lesser Celandine (Ficaria verna), also known as pilewort or fig buttercup, is a low-growing, perennial flowering plant in the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. It is native to Europe and western Asia but has also established itself in North America, where it is considered an invasive species.

Description

The lesser celandine is a small plant, typically reaching heights of 7-30 cm. Its leaves are dark green, glossy, and heart-shaped, and its flowers are bright yellow with eight to twelve petals. The plant blooms in the early spring, often before other spring flowers, and its flowers close in the evening and in cloudy weather.

Habitat and Distribution

Lesser celandine prefers moist, shaded environments. It is commonly found in woodlands, hedgerows, and along riverbanks. While it is native to Europe and western Asia, it has been introduced to other parts of the world, including North America, where it is considered an invasive species due to its ability to outcompete native plants.

Uses

Historically, lesser celandine has been used in herbal medicine. The plant's common name, "pilewort", refers to its traditional use in treating hemorrhoids. However, the plant contains toxic compounds and should not be consumed without proper preparation.

Control

In areas where lesser celandine is considered invasive, control measures may be necessary to prevent it from displacing native plants. These measures can include manual removal, the use of herbicides, or the introduction of natural predators.