Penbutolol
(Redirected from Levatolol)
Information about Penbutolol[edit source]
Penbutolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (beta-blocker) used for the therapy of hypertension.
Liver safety of Penbutolol[edit source]
Penbutolol has yet to be convincingly associated with clinically apparent liver injury.
Mechanism of action of Penbutolol[edit source]
Penbutolol (pen bue' toe lol) is a nonselective beta-blocker, acting on both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. Beta-1 adrenergic blockade reduces the heart rate and myocardial contractility by slowing the AV conduction and suppressing automaticity. Beta-2 blockade affects peripheral vascular resistance and can cause bronchospasm and hypoglycemia. Penbutolol also has mild sympatheticomimetic activity acting as a partial beta-adrenergic receptor agonist.
FDA approval information for Penbutolol[edit source]
Penbutolol is indicated for the management of hypertension and was approved for use in the United States in 1987. Penbutolol is available in tablets of 20 mg under the trade name Levatol.
Dosage and administration for Penbutolol[edit source]
The typical initial oral dose of penbutolol in adults is 20 mg once daily, with subsequent dose modification based upon clinical response and tolerance, the average total daily maintenance dose being 20 to 60 mg.
Side effects of Penbutolol[edit source]
Common side effects of penbutolol include bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, dizziness, depression, memory loss, incontinence, cold limbs and, less commonly, severe hypotension, heart failure and bronchospasm. Sudden withdrawal can trigger rebound hypertension. Beta-blockers are contraindicated in patients with asthma, bradycardia and heart failure and should be used cautiously in the elderly and in patients with diabetes.
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