Insulin Detemir

Insulin Detemir

Insulin detemir is a long-acting human insulin analog used to help control blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes mellitus. It is marketed under the brand name Levemir and is produced by Novo Nordisk. Insulin detemir is designed to provide a steady level of insulin over an extended period, typically up to 24 hours, which helps to maintain basal insulin levels.

Pharmacology

Insulin detemir is a recombinant DNA-produced insulin analog. It differs from human insulin by the removal of the threonine at position B30 and the acylation of the lysine at position B29 with a 14-carbon fatty acid chain. This modification allows insulin detemir to bind to albumin in the bloodstream, which prolongs its action and provides a more predictable absorption profile compared to other insulins.

Mechanism of Action

Insulin detemir works by mimicking the action of endogenous insulin, facilitating the uptake of glucose by tissues, particularly muscle and fat cells, and inhibiting glucose production by the liver. The binding to albumin delays its absorption and clearance, resulting in a prolonged duration of action.

Clinical Use

Insulin detemir is used in the management of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is typically administered once or twice daily to provide basal insulin coverage. The dosing regimen may vary based on individual patient needs, blood glucose monitoring, and other factors such as diet and exercise.

Side Effects

Common side effects of insulin detemir include hypoglycemia, injection site reactions, and weight gain. Hypoglycemia is the most significant risk associated with insulin therapy and requires careful monitoring and management.

Comparison with Other Insulins

Insulin detemir is one of several long-acting insulins available, including insulin glargine and insulin degludec. Compared to insulin glargine, insulin detemir may have a shorter duration of action and may require twice-daily dosing in some patients. However, it has a lower risk of causing weight gain.

Administration

Insulin detemir is administered via subcutaneous injection. It is available in pre-filled pens and vials. Patients should be instructed on proper injection techniques and the importance of rotating injection sites to prevent lipodystrophy.

Storage

Unopened insulin detemir should be stored in a refrigerator. Once opened, it can be kept at room temperature for a specified period, usually up to 42 days, depending on the manufacturer's instructions.

Also see

• Insulin therapy
• Diabetes management
• Insulin glargine
• Insulin degludec
• Hypoglycemia