Lhabab Duchen

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Buddha's descent from Tushita, 18th century, Mongolia

Lhabab Duchen is one of the most significant Buddhist festivals celebrated in Tibetan Buddhism to commemorate the descent of Gautama Buddha from the heaven of Thirty-Three (Trāyastriṃśa) back to earth. It is one of the four great holy days of the Tibetan calendar, marking an event said to have occurred at the age of 41, when the Buddha returned to earth after spending three months of the rainy season in the heavenly realm, where his mother had been reborn. To repay her kindness and to benefit the gods, the Buddha taught the Dharma in the heavenly realm before returning to earth. This day is observed with great reverence by Buddhists around the world, especially within the Tibetan tradition, with various religious activities such as prayers, sermons, and offerings.

Background

After achieving enlightenment, Buddha spent many years teaching and traveling. His mother, Queen Maya, had died shortly after his birth and was reborn in the Trāyastriṃśa heaven. To honor her, Buddha ascended to this heaven and taught the Dharma to his mother and other divine beings. Lhabab Duchen celebrates his return to earth, which is said to have been made from a ladder of gold and silver prepared by the gods.

Significance

Lhabab Duchen is considered an extremely auspicious day. It is believed that the effects of positive or negative actions are multiplied ten million times on this day, making it a favored time for performing meritorious deeds such as giving alms, undertaking pilgrimages, and engaging in other religious practices. Devotees also participate in the practice of freeing captive animals, making offerings to monks, and listening to sermons.

Observances

On Lhabab Duchen, monasteries, stupas, and temples are adorned with decorations. Religious followers gather for ceremonial prayers and rituals. Monks engage in scriptural recitations and debates on the teachings of the Buddha. The day is also marked by the creation of sand mandalas, butter sculptures, and the display of religious banners. Lay practitioners often take part in circumambulations of sacred sites and the making of extensive offerings.

Cultural Impact

Lhabab Duchen not only has a profound religious significance but also plays a vital role in the cultural and social life of Tibetan Buddhists. It reinforces the values of compassion, kindness, and the importance of following the Buddha's teachings. The festival fosters a sense of community and collective merit-making among practitioners.

Date

The festival is observed on the 22nd day of the ninth month according to the Tibetan lunar calendar, which usually falls in October or November in the Gregorian calendar. The specific date varies from year to year.