Lincoln County Process

Making charcoal at Jack Daniels, Jack Daniel Distillery, Lynchburg (pop. 361), Tennessee

Lincoln County Process is a distinctive method used in the production of Tennessee whiskey, which differentiates it from other types of whiskey around the world. This process involves filtering the distilled whiskey through a thick layer of maple charcoal before it is aged in oak barrels. This unique filtration method is believed to remove impurities and add a unique smoothness to the whiskey.

History

The Lincoln County Process is named after Lincoln County, Tennessee, where the technique was originally developed. Although the exact origins of the process are unclear, it is widely attributed to the early whiskey makers of the region in the 19th century. The process became a defining characteristic of Tennessee whiskey, distinguishing it from bourbon whiskey, which does not require charcoal mellowing.

Process

The key step in the Lincoln County Process involves dripping the newly distilled whiskey through a large vat filled with charcoal made from sugar maple wood. This charcoal filtering, also known as "mellowing," can take several days to complete. The whiskey is then collected at the bottom of the vat and transferred to barrels for aging. The length of time the whiskey is left to filter through the charcoal, as well as the specific characteristics of the charcoal itself, can vary between distilleries and contribute to the unique flavor profile of each brand's whiskey.

Legal Definition

In 2013, the state of Tennessee passed legislation that included the Lincoln County Process in the legal definition of Tennessee whiskey. According to this law, in addition to being made in Tennessee, undergoing the Lincoln County Process, and being aged in new charred oak barrels, Tennessee whiskey must also be distilled from a mash of at least 51% corn.

Controversy

The inclusion of the Lincoln County Process in the legal definition of Tennessee whiskey has been a subject of controversy among distillers. Some argue that it imposes unnecessary restrictions on the category, while others believe it helps maintain the quality and tradition of Tennessee whiskey.

Notable Brands

Several well-known brands of Tennessee whiskey, such as Jack Daniel's and George Dickel, use the Lincoln County Process. Each brand has its own specific approach to the process, contributing to the diversity within the category of Tennessee whiskey.

Impact on Flavor

The Lincoln County Process is believed to impact the flavor of the whiskey in several ways. By filtering out certain impurities and fusel oils, the process can make the whiskey smoother and more palatable. Additionally, the interaction between the whiskey and the maple charcoal can introduce subtle sweet and smoky notes to the final product.

Conclusion

The Lincoln County Process is a crucial element in the production of Tennessee whiskey, contributing to its distinctive character and setting it apart from other types of whiskey. Despite controversies surrounding its definition, the process remains a cherished tradition in Tennessee whiskey making.