Linoleic acid

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Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and an essential omega-6 fatty acid. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature. Linoleic acid is one of the most common fatty acids found in vegetable oils, such as sunflower oil, safflower oil, and corn oil.

Chemical Structure

Linoleic acid is classified as an omega-6 fatty acid due to the position of the first double bond, which is six carbons away from the methyl end of the fatty acid molecule. Its IUPAC name is (9Z,12Z)-Octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid, indicating the presence of two cis double bonds at the 9th and 12th carbon atoms.

Biological Role

Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid, meaning that it cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through the diet. It plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including:

• Maintaining the structural integrity of cell membranes
• Serving as a precursor for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid and other eicosanoids
• Modulating inflammation and immune response

Dietary Sources

Linoleic acid is abundant in many plant oils. Some of the richest sources include:

• Sunflower oil
• Safflower oil
• Corn oil
• Soybean oil
• Peanut oil

Health Implications

Adequate intake of linoleic acid is essential for maintaining overall health. Deficiency in linoleic acid can lead to symptoms such as:

• Dry, scaly skin
• Hair loss
• Poor wound healing
• Increased susceptibility to infections

However, excessive intake of linoleic acid, particularly in the form of processed vegetable oils, has been linked to an increased risk of inflammation and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Industrial Uses

Linoleic acid is also used in various industrial applications, including:

• Production of soaps and detergents
• Manufacturing of paints and varnishes
• As a drying agent in oil-based paints

See Also

• Omega-3 fatty acid
• Arachidonic acid
• Eicosanoid
• Polyunsaturated fatty acid