Lipopolysaccharide binding protein

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a type of protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system's response to bacterial infection. It is primarily produced in the liver and is found in the blood plasma.

Function

LBP is responsible for binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. This binding process is a key step in the body's immune response to bacterial infections. Once LBP has bound to LPS, it transfers the LPS to CD14, a protein found on the surface of certain immune cells. This triggers a cascade of immune responses, including the release of cytokines and the activation of white blood cells, which help to fight off the infection.

Structure

The structure of LBP is complex, consisting of several different domains. The N-terminal domain is responsible for binding to LPS, while the C-terminal domain is involved in the transfer of LPS to CD14. The structure of LBP is similar to that of other lipid-binding proteins, such as bile acid-binding protein and fatty acid-binding protein.

Clinical significance

Abnormal levels of LBP in the blood can be indicative of a number of medical conditions. High levels of LBP are often seen in patients with sepsis, a severe and potentially life-threatening response to infection. LBP levels can also be elevated in patients with liver disease, kidney disease, and certain types of cancer. As such, LBP is often used as a biomarker in the diagnosis and monitoring of these conditions.

File:Lipopolysaccharide binding protein.jpg

Structure of Lipopolysaccharide binding protein

See also

• Lipopolysaccharide
• Immune system
• Protein
• Bacterial infection