Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2

Protein PLA2G7 PDB 3D59

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the inflammation and atherosclerosis processes in the body. It is primarily associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in the blood.

Structure

Lp-PLA2 is a member of the phospholipase A2 enzyme family and is primarily found bound to lipoprotein particles in the bloodstream. It consists of a catalytic domain that is responsible for its enzymatic activity and a lipid-binding domain that allows it to associate with lipoproteins.

Function

The main function of Lp-PLA2 is to hydrolyze oxidized phospholipids present in LDL and HDL particles. This enzymatic activity leads to the generation of pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic molecules, contributing to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

Clinical Significance

Elevated levels of Lp-PLA2 in the blood have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes. As such, Lp-PLA2 is considered a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease risk assessment.

Regulation

The expression and activity of Lp-PLA2 can be influenced by various factors, including genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and pharmacological interventions. Understanding the regulation of Lp-PLA2 may provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.