List of Northern American nectar sources for honey bees

List of Northern American Nectar Sources for Honey Bees

A bee collecting nectar from a flower

Honey bees, primarily the species Apis mellifera, are vital pollinators in Northern America. They rely on a variety of nectar sources to produce honey and sustain their colonies. This article provides an overview of the major nectar sources available to honey bees in Northern America, highlighting the diversity of plants that contribute to honey production.

Major Nectar Sources

Trees

Trees are significant nectar sources for honey bees, especially in the spring when many species bloom. Some of the most important trees include:

• Acer (Maple): Maples are among the first trees to bloom in spring, providing an early source of nectar.
• Tilia (Basswood): Known for its fragrant flowers, basswood is a major nectar source in the summer.
• Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust): This tree produces abundant nectar and is highly attractive to bees.

Shrubs

A bee on a clematis flower

Shrubs also play a crucial role in providing nectar. Some notable shrubs include:

• Rhododendron: While some species can be toxic, many provide valuable nectar.
• Sambucus (Elderberry): Elderberry flowers are a good source of nectar in late spring.
• Ceanothus (California Lilac): This shrub is particularly important in the western regions.

Wildflowers

Wildflowers are abundant and diverse, offering a continuous supply of nectar throughout the growing season. Key wildflowers include:

• Solidago (Goldenrod): A late summer and fall bloomer, goldenrod is crucial for honey production.
• Aster: These flowers bloom in late summer and fall, providing nectar when other sources are scarce.
• Trifolium (Clover): Both red and white clover are excellent nectar sources.

Cultivated Crops

A honey bee on sedum

Agricultural crops also contribute significantly to nectar availability. Important crops include:

• Helianthus annuus (Sunflower): Sunflowers are grown extensively and provide abundant nectar.
• Brassica napus (Canola): Canola fields are a major source of nectar in agricultural areas.
• Medicago sativa (Alfalfa): While primarily grown for forage, alfalfa flowers are visited by bees for nectar.

Seasonal Availability

The availability of nectar sources varies throughout the year, with different plants blooming at different times. Early spring sees the blooming of trees like maples and willows, while summer brings a profusion of wildflowers and shrubs. Late summer and fall are dominated by goldenrod and asters, ensuring a continuous supply of nectar for honey bees.

Importance of Biodiversity

Bees on Cirsium arvense

Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining a stable and resilient ecosystem. A diverse range of nectar sources ensures that honey bees have access to food throughout the year, even if some plants fail to bloom due to adverse weather conditions. Conservation of natural habitats and planting of bee-friendly gardens can help support bee populations.

Related Pages

• Pollination
• Honey bee
• Beekeeping
• Honey