List of Schedule IV drugs (US)

List of Schedule IV Drugs (US)

The List of Schedule IV Drugs in the United States encompasses a category of controlled substances as defined by the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of 1970. Schedule IV drugs are considered to have a lower potential for abuse relative to substances in Schedule III, a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States, and abuse of the drug may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III.

Classification

The classification into Schedule IV is determined by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) based on the substance's medical use, potential for abuse, and safety or dependence liability. The scheduling of drugs is a dynamic process, with substances being added or transferred between schedules based on new scientific evidence.

Examples of Schedule IV Drugs

Some well-known examples of substances listed in Schedule IV include, but are not limited to:

• Alprazolam (Xanax)
• Carisoprodol (Soma)
• Clonazepam (Klonopin)
• Diazepam (Valium)
• Lorazepam (Ativan)
• Midazolam (Versed)
• Modafinil (Provigil)
• Tramadol (Ultram)
• Zolpidem (Ambien)

These drugs are prescribed for a variety of conditions, including anxiety disorders, insomnia, muscle spasms, and certain types of seizure disorders. Despite their medical utility, their potential for abuse and dependence necessitates control and monitoring.

Regulations and Restrictions

Schedule IV drugs are subject to specific regulatory controls and restrictions. These include limitations on prescription refills; the drugs can be refilled up to five times within six months after the date of prescription unless renewed by a physician. Healthcare providers who prescribe, dispense, or administer these substances must be registered with the DEA and comply with federal, state, and local regulations regarding controlled substances.

Legal Implications

Possession, distribution, or manufacturing of Schedule IV drugs without a legitimate medical purpose and proper authorization is illegal and subject to federal and state penalties. Penalties vary depending on the quantity of the drug and the nature of the offense but can include fines and imprisonment.

Conclusion

The inclusion of a substance in Schedule IV indicates its legitimate medical use but also acknowledges its potential for abuse. The classification serves to balance the need for access to medications for therapeutic purposes with the need to prevent their misuse.