List of drugs by year of discovery

List of Drugs by Year of Discovery

The development and discovery of drugs have been pivotal in the advancement of healthcare and medicine. This article provides an overview of significant drugs categorized by their year of discovery, highlighting the evolution of pharmacology and its impact on treating various diseases and conditions.

Pre-20th Century

The discovery of drugs in the pre-20th century was often serendipitous, with many drugs being derived from natural sources such as plants and minerals.

• 1804 - Morphine: Discovered by Friedrich Sertürner, morphine is an opioid analgesic derived from the opium poppy. It marked the beginning of alkaloid-based drug discovery.
• 1820 - Quinine: Extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree, quinine was used for the treatment of malaria. Its discovery was crucial in controlling malaria in tropical regions.

Early 20th Century

The early 20th century saw the emergence of synthetic drugs and the foundation of the modern pharmaceutical industry.

• 1907 - Salvarsan: Developed by Paul Ehrlich, Salvarsan was the first effective treatment for syphilis and the first chemotherapeutic agent.
• 1928 - Penicillin: Discovered by Alexander Fleming, penicillin is the first widely used antibiotic and has had a profound impact on the treatment of bacterial infections.

Mid-20th Century

This period was marked by rapid advancements in drug discovery, including the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and the introduction of psychotropic drugs.

• 1943 - Streptomycin: Discovered by Selman Waksman, streptomycin was the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis.
• 1951 - Chlorpromazine: The introduction of chlorpromazine marked the beginning of modern psychiatric treatment, offering the first effective drug for schizophrenia.

Late 20th Century

The late 20th century featured the advent of biotechnology and the development of drugs targeting specific diseases at the molecular level.

• 1987 - AZT (Zidovudine): The first drug approved for the treatment of HIV/AIDS, AZT marked a significant milestone in the fight against the HIV epidemic.
• 1998 - Viagra (Sildenafil): Originally developed for hypertension, sildenafil was repurposed for treating erectile dysfunction, becoming one of the best-selling drugs worldwide.

21st Century

The 21st century has seen the introduction of personalized medicine and drugs designed to target specific genetic markers.

• 2001 - Imatinib: A targeted therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), imatinib has significantly improved the prognosis for CML patients.
• 2013 - Sofosbuvir: A revolutionary drug for the treatment of hepatitis C, sofosbuvir offers a cure for the disease with minimal side effects.

Conclusion

The discovery of drugs continues to evolve, with ongoing research focusing on more effective and safer treatments. The history of drug discovery not only reflects the progress in medical science and technology but also the changing needs and challenges faced by society in combating diseases.