List of target antigens in pemphigus

Pemphigus is a group of rare autoimmune diseases that cause blistering and erosion of the skin and mucous membranes. The disease is characterized by the presence of antibodies against components of the desmosomes, structures responsible for cell-to-cell adhesion in the epidermis. This article provides a list of target antigens in pemphigus, which are crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and developing targeted therapies.

Target Antigens in Pemphigus

Pemphigus is classified into several types, including Pemphigus vulgaris, Pemphigus foliaceus, Pemphigus vegetans, Pemphigus erythematosus, and Paraneoplastic pemphigus. Each type has distinct target antigens:

Desmoglein 1 (Dsg1)

Desmoglein 1 is a cadherin-type cell adhesion molecule that is a component of the desmosome. It is the primary target antigen in Pemphigus foliaceus and also plays a role in Pemphigus vulgaris, particularly in cases with skin involvement.

Desmoglein 3 (Dsg3)

Desmoglein 3 is another cadherin-type cell adhesion molecule found in desmosomes. It is the main target antigen in Pemphigus vulgaris, especially in cases with mucosal involvement.

Desmocollins

Desmocollins are another group of desmosomal cadherins that can occasionally be targeted in pemphigus, although they are less commonly involved compared to desmogleins.

Envoplakin

Envoplakin is a component of the desmosomal plaque and the cornified envelope. It is one of the target antigens in Paraneoplastic pemphigus, a rare form of pemphigus associated with underlying malignancy.

Periplakin

Similar to envoplakin, periplakin is involved in the formation of the desmosomal plaque and the cornified envelope. It is also targeted in paraneoplastic pemphigus.

Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 1 (BPAG1)

Though primarily associated with Bullous pemphigoid, BPAG1 can occasionally be targeted in paraneoplastic pemphigus.

Acetylcholine Receptors

In some cases of pemphigus, antibodies against acetylcholine receptors have been identified, suggesting a complex interplay between cell adhesion and signaling mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the disease.

Conclusion

Understanding the target antigens in pemphigus is crucial for the diagnosis and management of this complex group of diseases. Research into these antigens not only provides insight into the pathophysiology of pemphigus but also opens avenues for the development of targeted therapies that can specifically inhibit the autoimmune response.

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