Lithic core

Lithic Core

A lithic core is a central piece of stone from which flakes or blades have been struck to create tools or other artifacts. Lithic cores are a fundamental component of prehistoric stone tool technology and provide significant insights into the technological capabilities and cultural practices of early human societies.

Description

Lithic cores are typically made from materials such as flint, chert, obsidian, or other cryptocrystalline silicates that fracture in a predictable manner. The core itself is the nucleus from which stone flakes are removed. These flakes can be used as tools themselves or further modified into specific tool types.

The process of removing flakes from a core is known as knapping, and it requires skill and precision. The knapper uses a hammerstone or other tool to strike the core at specific angles to detach flakes. The resulting core can exhibit a variety of shapes and sizes, depending on the intended use of the flakes and the skill of the knapper.

Types of Lithic Cores

Lithic cores can be classified into several types based on their morphology and the technique used to remove flakes:

• Bipolar Core: A core that has been struck on both ends, often using an anvil technique.
• Discoidal Core: A core that is roughly circular in shape, with flakes removed around the circumference.
• Prismatic Core: A core from which long, narrow blades are removed, often used in the production of blade tools.
• Conical Core: A core with a conical shape, typically used to produce flakes with a radial pattern.

Archaeological Significance

Lithic cores are invaluable to archaeologists as they provide evidence of the technological strategies employed by prehistoric peoples. By analyzing the size, shape, and flake scars on a core, researchers can infer the methods used in tool production and the level of skill involved.

Cores also offer insights into the raw material procurement strategies of ancient societies. The presence of exotic materials in a core can indicate trade networks or long-distance travel.

Examples of Lithic Core Use

Lithic cores have been found at numerous archaeological sites around the world, ranging from the Oldowan sites in Africa to the Upper Paleolithic sites in Europe. Each site provides unique insights into the technological evolution of early humans.

Also see

• Flake tool
• Blade tool
• Knapping
• Oldowan
• Upper Paleolithic