Lithobius

Lithobius

Lithobius is a genus of centipedes belonging to the family Lithobiidae. These arthropods are commonly known as stone centipedes due to their preference for living in damp environments such as under rocks and logs. Lithobius centipedes are found worldwide, with over 200 species identified to date.

Description

Lithobius centipedes are elongated and have a segmented body, with each segment bearing a pair of legs. The number of legs varies depending on the species, but most Lithobius centipedes have between 27 and 191 pairs of legs. They have a flattened appearance and are typically brown or reddish-brown in color.

Habitat and Distribution

Lithobius centipedes are primarily found in moist habitats, such as forests, grasslands, and gardens. They prefer to live in dark and humid environments, often hiding under rocks, logs, or leaf litter. These centipedes are distributed worldwide, with different species adapted to various regions and climates.

Behavior

Lithobius centipedes are nocturnal predators, feeding on small invertebrates such as insects, spiders, and worms. They use their venomous jaws to capture and immobilize their prey. Despite their name, Lithobius centipedes are not typically found indoors and are not considered pests.

Reproduction

Lithobius centipedes reproduce sexually, with males depositing sperm packets called spermatophores, which are then picked up by females. After fertilization, the female lays eggs in soil or other suitable substrates. The eggs hatch into small, white, and translucent juveniles that resemble miniature adults.

Importance

Lithobius centipedes play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems. As predators, they help control populations of insects and other invertebrates, contributing to the overall health of their habitats. Additionally, their presence can indicate the ecological quality of an area, as they are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions.

Classification

The genus Lithobius belongs to the family Lithobiidae, which is part of the class Chilopoda. Chilopoda is a class of arthropods that includes centipedes, characterized by their elongated bodies and numerous legs. Within the genus Lithobius, there are over 200 recognized species, each with its own unique characteristics and distribution.

See Also

• Centipede
• Arthropod