Local government in Pennsylvania

Local Government in Pennsylvania

Agency overview
Jurisdiction	Pennsylvania

Local government in Pennsylvania consists of several layers, including counties, municipalities (cities, boroughs, townships), and school districts. Pennsylvania is divided into 67 counties, over 2,500 municipalities, and numerous school districts, each with its own form of local government. The structure and responsibilities of these local governments are outlined in the Pennsylvania Constitution and further detailed in state statutes.

Types of Local Government

Counties

In Pennsylvania, counties serve as the largest territorial units for local government. Each county is governed by a board of commissioners or a county executive, depending on the county's home rule status. Counties are responsible for providing services such as law enforcement, judicial administration, public health, and property assessments.

Municipalities

Municipalities in Pennsylvania are divided into cities, boroughs, and townships:

• Cities are the largest type of municipality and are typically governed by a mayor and a city council. Cities may adopt a home rule charter which allows them to govern themselves independently of state laws as long as they do not contradict state or federal laws.
• Boroughs are generally smaller than cities and are managed by a mayor and a borough council. Boroughs handle local services like street maintenance, public safety, and zoning.
• Townships are classified as either first class or second class, based on their population density and a vote by the residents. Townships are governed by a board of supervisors or commissioners who oversee public works and safety services.

School Districts

School districts in Pennsylvania are public entities charged with administering local public education. Each district is governed by a school board elected by the residents of the district. School boards set policies, levy taxes, and oversee school administration.

Home Rule and Optional Plans

Many municipalities and counties in Pennsylvania have the option to adopt a home rule charter or optional plans that allow for a customized governmental structure. This flexibility helps local governments meet specific needs and manage resources more effectively.

Challenges and Issues

Local governments in Pennsylvania face various challenges, including financial constraints, state mandates, and regional planning. Balancing economic development with historical preservation and community services remains a critical issue for many local administrators.

See Also

• Government of Pennsylvania
• List of municipalities in Pennsylvania
• School Districts in Pennsylvania