Locked-in

Locked-in syndrome is a medical condition in which a patient is aware and awake but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for the eyes. It is the result of a brainstem lesion in which the ventral part of the pons is damaged. This condition is usually caused by a stroke or damage to the nerve cells in the brain.

Causes

The most common cause of locked-in syndrome is a stroke that occurs in the part of the brainstem known as the pons. Other causes can include traumatic brain injury, diseases of the circulatory system, medication overdose, and damage to nerve cells.

Symptoms

The main symptom of locked-in syndrome is paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body. The patient is unable to move or speak, but is fully aware and awake. They can usually move their eyes and sometimes are able to blink or move their eyes in a certain way to communicate.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of locked-in syndrome is usually made through a clinical examination and the use of imaging tests such as MRI or CT scan. The doctor will look for signs of stroke or other damage to the brainstem.

Treatment

There is no cure for locked-in syndrome, but treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. This can include physical therapy, speech therapy, and the use of assistive devices to help with communication.

Prognosis

The prognosis for locked-in syndrome varies. Some people may regain some movement or ability to communicate, while others remain completely locked in. The condition can be life-threatening, particularly if it affects the person's ability to breathe on their own.

See also

• Brainstem
• Stroke
• Paralysis
• MRI
• CT scan

Locked-in Resources
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