Lomentospora prolificans

Lomentospora prolificans

Lomentospora prolificans is a species of fungus that is known to cause infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. It is an emerging pathogen that has been increasingly recognized in clinical settings.

Taxonomy

Lomentospora prolificans was previously classified under the genus Scedosporium, specifically as Scedosporium prolificans. However, molecular studies have led to its reclassification into the genus Lomentospora. This reclassification is based on phylogenetic analyses that distinguish it from other species within the Scedosporium genus.

Morphology

Lomentospora prolificans is characterized by its filamentous structure and the production of conidia. The conidia are typically oval to cylindrical in shape and are produced in chains. The fungus grows rapidly on standard mycological media, forming colonies that are initially white and become dark with age.

Pathogenicity

Lomentospora prolificans is an opportunistic pathogen, primarily affecting individuals with weakened immune systems. It can cause a range of infections, including cutaneous, pulmonary, and disseminated infections. The fungus is known for its resistance to many antifungal agents, making infections difficult to treat.

Epidemiology

Infections caused by Lomentospora prolificans are relatively rare but have been reported worldwide. The fungus is found in soil and decaying organic matter, which are considered its natural habitats. Human infections are often associated with environmental exposure, particularly in individuals with underlying health conditions.

Clinical Manifestations

The clinical presentation of Lomentospora prolificans infections can vary depending on the site of infection. Common manifestations include skin lesions, respiratory symptoms, and systemic involvement in severe cases. Diagnosis is typically made through culture and molecular identification techniques.

Treatment

Treatment of Lomentospora prolificans infections is challenging due to the organism's intrinsic resistance to many antifungal drugs. Voriconazole is often used as a first-line treatment, although its efficacy can be limited. Combination therapy and surgical intervention may be necessary in some cases.

Prevention

Preventive measures for Lomentospora prolificans infections focus on reducing exposure to environmental sources, particularly for immunocompromised individuals. This includes avoiding activities that involve contact with soil and decaying plant material.

Related pages

• Fungal infection
• Opportunistic infection
• Antifungal resistance
• Voriconazole