Lubricant

Lubricant

A Lubricant is a substance, often a liquid, introduced to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact, which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity.

Types of Lubricants

Lubricants are typically used to separate moving parts in a system. They can be classified into three main categories: liquid, semi-solid, and solid.

Liquid Lubricants

Liquid lubricants, commonly known as oil, are used in various applications, from automotive engines to industrial machinery. They are typically composed of a base oil and various additives to enhance their performance characteristics.

Semi-Solid Lubricants

Semi-solid lubricants, or grease, are used where a liquid lubricant would not stay in place. They are often used in applications such as bearings, where they provide a constant layer of lubrication.

Solid Lubricants

Solid lubricants, such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide, are used in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures or pressures. They are often used in applications where other types of lubricants would fail.

Applications of Lubricants

Lubricants are used in a wide variety of applications, including:

• Automotive: Lubricants are used in engines, transmissions, and other components to reduce friction and wear.
• Industrial: Lubricants are used in machinery to reduce friction, prevent wear, and prolong the life of the equipment.
• Medical: Lubricants are used in a variety of medical applications, from surgical instruments to personal lubricants.

Environmental Impact

The environmental impact of lubricants is significant. Many lubricants are not biodegradable, and their use can result in pollution of water and soil. Efforts are being made to develop biodegradable lubricants to reduce this impact.

See Also

• Hydraulic fluid
• Cutting fluid
• Penetrating oil
• Biodegradable lubricant