Lucio's phenomenon

Lucio's phenomenon is a rare manifestation of untreated leprosy characterized by sudden onset of necrotizing skin lesions and systemic illness. It is named after the Mexican dermatologist Rafael Lucio who first described it in 1852.

Etiology

Lucio's phenomenon is associated with diffuse lepromatous leprosy, a severe form of the disease. The exact cause of Lucio's phenomenon is not known, but it is thought to be a reaction to dead or dying Mycobacterium leprae bacteria in the skin.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with Lucio's phenomenon present with sudden onset of painful, necrotizing skin lesions. These lesions are typically flat, irregular, and have a bluish-red color. They can occur anywhere on the body, but are most common on the extremities. In addition to skin lesions, patients may also have systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise, and weight loss.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of Lucio's phenomenon is made based on clinical presentation and skin biopsy. The biopsy shows extensive necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, with numerous acid-fast bacilli.

Treatment

The treatment of Lucio's phenomenon involves aggressive management of the underlying leprosy with multi-drug therapy, as well as supportive care for the skin lesions and systemic symptoms.

Prognosis

The prognosis of Lucio's phenomenon is poor, with a high mortality rate. However, early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes.

See Also

• Leprosy
• Necrotizing fasciitis
• Mycobacterium leprae

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