Lun Bawang

Translation of the word "Bawang" in Lun Bawang language

Sarawak; four Trusan Murut tribesmen

Lun Bawang speakers distribution

Lun Bawang in Sabah, Kelinang and Agung

Lamin Adat Dayak Lundayeh Desa Pulau Sapi

Lun Bawang is an ethnic group residing in Central Borneo, primarily in the highlands of East Malaysia, Brunei, and North Kalimantan, Indonesia. They are part of the larger Dayak community, known for their traditional agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, and are historically animist, although many have converted to Christianity in the past century.

History

The Lun Bawang people have a rich history that dates back centuries in the heart of Borneo. They were traditionally animists and practiced shifting cultivation, hunting, and gathering in the dense forests of the highlands. The arrival of Christian missionaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries had a profound impact on their society, leading to a significant conversion to Christianity. This change also brought about a transformation in their socio-economic structure, including the introduction of formal education and modern agriculture techniques.

Culture

The culture of the Lun Bawang is deeply rooted in their agricultural practices, particularly the cultivation of hill rice, which is central to their subsistence and rituals. Traditional music, dance, and handicrafts play an important role in their cultural expressions. The Lun Bawang are also known for their unique musical instrument, the sape, a type of lute which is a symbol of their cultural identity.

Language

The Lun Bawang language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. It is used for daily communication within the community and is also the medium for the transmission of oral traditions and folklore.

Economy

The economy of the Lun Bawang has traditionally been based on agriculture, with rice being the staple crop. In recent years, there has been a shift towards cash crops and livestock farming. The introduction of modern farming techniques and the establishment of cooperatives have played a significant role in this transition.

Social Structure

The Lun Bawang society is organized around kinship and communal living. Traditional longhouses, which house multiple families under one roof, are a distinctive feature of their social structure. Leadership within the community is typically vested in the hands of the elders and the headman, who is responsible for the welfare of the longhouse residents.

Religion

While the Lun Bawang were traditionally animists, believing in spirits inhabiting the natural world, the majority have converted to Christianity. This religious shift has led to changes in their rituals and festivals, although some traditional beliefs and practices are still observed.

Challenges

The Lun Bawang face several challenges, including land rights issues, as their traditional territories come under pressure from logging and palm oil plantations. There is also a concern about the erosion of their cultural heritage and language, as younger generations move towards urban areas for education and employment.

Notable People

Several Lun Bawang individuals have gained prominence in various fields, contributing to the recognition and preservation of their cultural heritage.