MPD

Multiple Personality Disorder

Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), now more commonly referred to as Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities within a single individual. These distinct identities may have their own names, ages, histories, and characteristics. The disorder is often associated with severe trauma during early childhood, usually extreme, repetitive physical, sexual, or emotional abuse.

Symptoms

Individuals with MPD/DID may exhibit a variety of symptoms, including:

• Amnesia or memory gaps
• Depersonalization
• Derealization
• Identity confusion or alteration
• Sudden changes in behavior, preferences, and mannerisms

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of MPD/DID is typically made by a mental health professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, through a comprehensive clinical evaluation. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) outlines specific criteria for diagnosing DID, which include the presence of two or more distinct identities and recurrent gaps in the recall of everyday events, personal information, and/or traumatic events.

Causes

The exact cause of MPD/DID is not fully understood, but it is widely believed to be a coping mechanism in response to severe trauma. The disorder allows the individual to dissociate themselves from a situation or experience that is too violent, traumatic, or painful to assimilate with their conscious self.

Treatment

Treatment for MPD/DID often involves psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy. The primary goal of therapy is to integrate the separate identities into one primary identity. Other therapeutic approaches may include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). In some cases, medication may be prescribed to address co-occurring conditions such as depression or anxiety.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with MPD/DID varies. With appropriate treatment, many individuals can achieve significant improvement in their symptoms and quality of life. However, the process of integration and recovery can be long and challenging.

Related Pages

• Dissociative Identity Disorder
• Psychotherapy
• Trauma
• Cognitive-behavioral therapy
• Dialectical behavior therapy
• Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
• Depression
• Anxiety