Maitrī

Maitrī or Metta (Pāli; Sanskrit) is a term used in Buddhism that is often translated as loving-kindness, benevolence, friendliness, amity, good will, and active interest in others. It is one of the four Brahmaviharas (divine abidings) and is considered an important aspect of the Buddhist path. Maitrī is the cultivation of a universal, unconditional love that transcends all barriers and embraces all beings. This practice is central to the ethical and spiritual development in Buddhism, aiming to develop a mind of goodwill, free from hatred and ill-will.

Etymology and Origins

The word 'Maitrī' is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Mitra', meaning friend. In the context of Buddhist teachings, Maitrī goes beyond the conventional notion of friendship to denote a deep, unconditional love towards all beings. The practice is rooted in the earliest Buddhist texts, including the Pāli Canon, and is a key component of the Buddha's teachings.

Practice

The practice of Maitrī begins with the development of loving-kindness towards oneself, recognizing that all beings, including oneself, desire happiness and are averse to suffering. From this understanding, the practitioner extends loving-kindness to close friends and family, then to acquaintances, and eventually to all beings, including those with whom one has conflicts or negative feelings.

Meditation on Maitrī involves the repetition of phrases that express wishes for the well-being and happiness of oneself and others. Common phrases include "May I be happy," "May I be free from suffering," "May all beings be happy," and "May all beings be free from suffering."

Benefits

The cultivation of Maitrī has numerous benefits as outlined in the Buddhist texts. It leads to the softening of the heart, the reduction of anger and resentment, and the development of a more compassionate and empathetic character. Furthermore, it is said to have positive effects on one's mental health, reducing stress and anxiety, and promoting a sense of peace and well-being.

Relation to Other Brahmavihāras

Maitrī is one of the four Brahmavihāras, which also include Karuna (compassion), Mudita (sympathetic joy), and Upekkha (equanimity). These qualities support and complement each other, forming a comprehensive approach to social and spiritual development. While Maitrī focuses on the wish for all beings to be happy, Karuna emphasizes the wish for them to be free from suffering, Mudita encourages rejoicing in their happiness, and Upekkha fosters a balanced mind in the face of life's ups and downs.

In Contemporary Practice

Today, the practice of Maitrī is not limited to Buddhism. It has been adopted by various spiritual traditions and secular mindfulness practices around the world. Its universal appeal lies in its simplicity and the profound impact it can have on transforming one's mind and relationships.

See Also

• Buddhism
• Meditation
• Mindfulness
• Compassion in Buddhism