Majapahit Empire

Majapahit

Official name	Majapahit Empire
Common name	Majapahit
Motto
Anthem
Flag	[[File:|125px]]
Coat of arms	[[File:|85px]]
Capital	Trowulan
Largest city
Government	Monarchy
Legislature

The Majapahit Empire was a vast archipelago empire based in the island of Java from 1293 to around 1527. At its peak, under the rule of Hayam Wuruk and his prime minister Gajah Mada, it stretched over much of modern-day Indonesia, parts of Malaysia, and beyond. It is often regarded as one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the history of Southeast Asia.

History

The Majapahit Empire was founded by Raden Wijaya, who was known posthumously as Kertarajasa Jayawardhana, after his victory against the invading Mongol forces at the Battle of Bubat. The empire reached its peak during the mid-14th century under the leadership of Hayam Wuruk, whose reign saw the massive expansion of the empire.

Golden Age

The golden age of Majapahit was marked by the conquests of Gajah Mada, who aspired to bring the entire archipelago under Majapahit's control, which he articulated in his famous oath, the Sumpah Palapa. The empire was an important center for trade, with ties extending as far as China, India, and beyond.

Decline

The decline of Majapahit began towards the end of the 15th century and was marked by internal strife, court intrigues, and the rise of Islam in the archipelago, which led to the establishment of the Sultanate of Demak. By the early 16th century, Majapahit was a shadow of its former self, and in 1527, it was finally conquered by Demak.

Culture

Majapahit society was known for its complex hierarchy and sophisticated court culture. It was a major center for Hinduism and Buddhism in the region and played a crucial role in the spread of these religions throughout Southeast Asia. The empire is also known for its unique art and architecture, as seen in the remnants of temples and other structures around Trowulan.

Legacy

The legacy of Majapahit is still evident in Indonesian culture today, particularly in its symbols and in the Pancasila, the philosophical basis of the Indonesian state. The empire is also remembered for its contribution to the cultural, religious, and political fabric of Southeast Asia.

See also

• List of monarchs of Java
• History of Indonesia
• Spread of Islam in Indonesia