Marshall–Smith syndrome
Marshall-Smith Syndrome, discovered in 1971 (Marshall, Graham, Scott, Boner, & Smith), is characterized by unusual accelerated skeletal maturation (usually starting before birth) and symptoms like conspicuous physical characteristics, respiratory difficulties, and mental retardation. Cases described in the literature show a clinical variability regarding related symptoms. For instance, respiratory difficulties are ranging from absent to severe difficulties.[1]
Presentation[edit | edit source]
The syndrome is a rare clinical disorder.[2]
- Physical
- Radiologic examination
- Mental
- Often associated with intellectual disability (of variable degree)[3]
Genotype[edit | edit source]
The first gene - NFIX - that could cause the syndrome has been identified[5]. This gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 19 (19p13.1).
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
- Clinical course
- Respiratory difficulties (like upper airway obstruction.[6] (Note regarding clinical variability: respiratory difficulties might be absent.[3])
- Pneumonia[4]
- Failure to thrive[4]
- Psychomotor retardation[4]
Respiratory complications are often cause of death in early infancy.[2]
Differential diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Marshall–Smith syndrome is not to be confused with:
- Marshall syndrome (aka periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and adenitis (PFAPA syndrome, see also: periodic fever syndrome)
- Sotos (like) syndrome (Malan syndrome) [5]
- Weaver-Smith syndrome (WSS) [1] Lua error in Module:Lang/utilities at line 79: attempt to call local 'name_from_code' (a nil value).
Terminology[edit | edit source]
Translated[edit | edit source]
- English: Marshall–Smith syndrome
- Español: Síndrome de Marshall–Smith
- Français: Le syndrome de Marshall–Smith
- Italiano: Sindrome di Marshall–Smith
- Nederlands: Marshall–Smithsyndroom, syndroom van Marshall–Smith
- Polski: Zespół Marshalla–Smitha, Zespół Marshalla i Smitha
- Русский: Синдром Маршалла–Смита
References[edit | edit source]
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Adam, M., Hennekam, R.C.M., Butler, M.G., Raf, M., Keppen, L., Bull, M., Clericuzio, C., Burke, L., Guttacher, A., Ormond, K., & Hoyme, H.E. (2002). Marshall–Smith syndrome: An osteochondrodysplasia with connective tissue abnormalities. 23rd Annual David W. Smith Workshop on Malformations and Morphogenesis, August 7, Clemson, SC.
- Adam MP, Hennekam RC, Keppen LD, Bull MJ, Clericuzio CL, Burke LW, Guttmacher AE, Ormond KE and Hoyme HE: Marshall-Smith Syndrome: Natural history and evidence of an osteochondrodysplasia with connective tissue abnormalities. American Journal of Medical Genetics 137A:117–124, 2005.
- .
- Baldellou Vazquez A, Ruiz-Echarri Zelaya MP, Loris Pablo C, Ferr#{225}ndez Longas A, Tamparillas Salvador M. El sIndrome de Marshall-Smith: a prop#{243}sito de una observad#{243}n personal. An Esp Pediatr 1983; 18:45-50.
- Butler, M.G. (2003). Marshall–Smith syndrome. In: The NORD Guide to Rare Disorders. (pp219–220) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.
- Charon A, Gillerot T, Van Maldergem L, Van Schaftingen MH, de Bont B, Koulischer L. The Marshall–Smith syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 1990; 150: 54–5.
- Dernedde, G., Pendeville, P., Veyckemans, F., Verellen, G. & Gillerot, Y. (1998). Anaesthetic management of a child with Marshall–Smith syndrome. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 45 (7): 660. Anaesthetic management of a child with Marshall-Smith syndrome
- Diab, M., Raff, M., Gunther, D.F. (2002). Osseous fragility in Marshall–Smith syndrome. Clinical Report: Osseous fragility in Marshall-Smith syndrome
- Ehresmann, T., Gillessen-Kaesbach G., Koenig R. (2005). Late diagnosis of Marshall Smith Syndrome (MSS). In: Medgen 17. [2]
- Hassan M, Sutton T, Mage K, LimalJM, Rappaport R. The syndrome of accelerated bone maturation in the newborn infant with dysmorphism and congenital malformations: (the so-called Marshall–Smith syndrome). Pediatr Radiol 1976; 5:53-57.
- Hoyme HE and Bull MJ: The Marshall-Smith Syndrome: Natural history beyond infancy. Western Society for Pediatric Research, Carmel, California, February, 1987. Clin Res 35:68A, 1987.
- Hoyme HE and Bull MJ: The Marshall-Smith Syndrome: Natural history beyond infancy. David W. Smith Morphogenesis and Malformations Workshop. Greenville, SC, August, 1987. Proceedings of the Greenwood Genetics Center 7:152, 1988.
- Hoyme HE, Byers PH, Guttmacher AE: Marshall–Smith syndrome: Further evidence of an osteochondrodysplasia in long-term survivors. David W. Smith Morphogenesis and Malformations Workshop, Winston-Salem, NC, August, 1992. Proceedings of the Greenwood Genetic Center 12:70, 1993.
- .
- Tzu-Jou Wang (2002). Marshall–Smith syndrome in a Taiwanese patient with T-cell immunodeficiency. Am J Med Genet Part A;112 (1):107-108. [3]
External links[edit | edit source]
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