Measles morbillivirus

Measles morbillivirus is a single-stranded, negative-sense, enveloped RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae. It is the cause of measles, a highly contagious disease in humans.

Structure and genome

The measles virus is approximately 150 to 300 nm in diameter. Its genome is composed of a single strand of negative-sense RNA, which is encapsulated by a nucleocapsid made of protein. The nucleocapsid is surrounded by a lipid envelope, which is derived from the host cell membrane and contains two viral glycoproteins, the fusion (F) protein and the hemagglutinin (H) protein.

Transmission and pathogenesis

Measles morbillivirus is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets. After entering the body, the virus infects the cells of the respiratory tract and the immune system, leading to the characteristic symptoms of measles, including fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis, and a rash.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis of measles is typically based on the characteristic clinical symptoms, but can be confirmed by laboratory testing. Treatment is primarily supportive, as there is no specific antiviral therapy for measles. However, vaccination with the measles vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection.

Epidemiology

Measles remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine. Outbreaks can occur in populations with low vaccination coverage.

See also

• Measles
• Measles vaccine
• Morbillivirus
• Paramyxoviridae

References

Measles morbillivirus Resources
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