Meningeal

Meningeal refers to the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, collectively known as the meninges. These membranes are the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. They serve to protect the central nervous system.

Structure

The meninges consist of three layers: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

• The Dura mater is the outermost layer, and it is tough and durable. It is attached to the inside of the skull and vertebral canal and forms the outermost covering of the brain and spinal cord.

• The Arachnoid mater is the middle layer, and it is thin and web-like. It is separated from the dura mater by the subdural space and from the pia mater by the subarachnoid space, which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

• The Pia mater is the innermost layer, and it is delicate and closely adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord. It follows all the contours of these structures.

Function

The primary function of the meninges is to protect the brain and spinal cord from mechanical injury. They also provide a space for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, which further cushions the brain and spinal cord.

Clinical significance

Inflammation of the meninges, known as meningitis, can occur due to various causes, including bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Symptoms of meningitis can include headache, fever, and a stiff neck. This condition is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.

Subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma are conditions that can occur when blood accumulates in the spaces between the meninges, often due to head injury. These conditions can cause increased pressure on the brain and can be life-threatening.

See also

• Central nervous system
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Meningitis
• Subdural hematoma
• Epidural hematoma

Meningeal Resources
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