Meniscus repair

Meniscus repair is a surgical procedure performed to treat a torn meniscus in the knee joint. The meniscus is a C-shaped piece of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber between the thigh bone (femur) and the shin bone (tibia). It helps to distribute weight evenly across the knee joint and provides stability during movement.

Indications

Meniscus tears can occur due to sudden twisting or pivoting movements of the knee, often seen in sports-related injuries. These tears can also develop gradually over time due to degenerative changes in the knee joint. The main indications for meniscus repair include:

• Acute traumatic meniscus tears
• Chronic degenerative meniscus tears
• Tears that cause persistent pain, swelling, and limited knee function

Procedure

Meniscus repair is typically performed using arthroscopic techniques, which involve making small incisions and using a camera and specialized instruments to visualize and repair the torn meniscus. The procedure can be performed under general or regional anesthesia.

The surgeon begins by inserting the arthroscope into the knee joint through a small incision. This allows them to assess the extent of the meniscus tear and identify any associated injuries. Once the tear is confirmed, the surgeon uses specialized instruments to repair the meniscus.

There are several techniques used for meniscus repair, including:

• Inside-out technique: In this technique, sutures are passed through the meniscus from the inside of the joint to the outside, and then tied together to bring the torn edges of the meniscus back together.
• All-inside technique: This technique involves using specialized devices to place sutures or anchors within the joint to repair the torn meniscus.
• Outside-in technique: In this technique, sutures are passed from the outside of the joint to the inside, and then tied together to repair the meniscus.

The choice of technique depends on various factors, including the location and size of the tear, as well as the surgeon's preference and experience.

Recovery

After meniscus repair surgery, patients are typically advised to use crutches and wear a knee brace to protect the healing meniscus. Physical therapy is an essential part of the recovery process and helps to restore knee strength, flexibility, and function.

The recovery time can vary depending on the extent of the meniscus tear and the type of repair performed. In general, it may take several weeks to a few months for patients to fully recover and return to their normal activities. It is important to follow the surgeon's post-operative instructions and attend all recommended follow-up appointments.

Complications

As with any surgical procedure, meniscus repair carries some risks and potential complications. These may include:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Blood clots
• Nerve or blood vessel damage
• Failure of the repair, leading to persistent symptoms or the need for additional surgery

It is important for patients to discuss the potential risks and benefits of meniscus repair with their surgeon before undergoing the procedure.