Meperidine hydrochloride

Meperidine hydrochloride

Meperidine hydrochloride, also known as pethidine hydrochloride, is a synthetic opioid analgesic used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. It is a hydrochloride salt form of meperidine, which is a phenylpiperidine derivative. Meperidine hydrochloride is commonly administered via oral, intramuscular, or intravenous routes.

Pharmacology

Meperidine hydrochloride works by binding to the opioid receptors in the central nervous system, mimicking the effects of endogenous endorphins. This binding inhibits the transmission of pain signals and alters the perception of pain. The drug has a rapid onset of action, typically within 10-15 minutes when administered intravenously, and its effects last for about 2-4 hours.

Medical Uses

Meperidine hydrochloride is primarily used for the relief of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain, labor pain, and pain associated with certain medical conditions. It is also sometimes used as a premedication for anesthesia.

Side Effects

Common side effects of meperidine hydrochloride include dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, and sweating. Serious side effects can include respiratory depression, hypotension, and seizures, particularly at high doses or with prolonged use. The drug has a high potential for abuse and dependence, similar to other opioids.

Contraindications

Meperidine hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to meperidine or any component of the formulation. It should not be used in patients with severe respiratory insufficiency, acute or severe bronchial asthma, or gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus.

Interactions

Meperidine hydrochloride can interact with other central nervous system depressants, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol. It can also interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), leading to potentially life-threatening reactions.

History

Meperidine was first synthesized in 1939 by the German chemist Otto Eisleb. It was initially developed as an anticholinergic agent but was later found to have analgesic properties. It was introduced into medical practice in the 1940s and became widely used for pain management.

See Also

• Opioid
• Analgesic
• Pain management
• Central nervous system
• Endorphin
• Respiratory depression
• Seizure