Mesenchymal
Mesenchymal is a term in biology that refers to the tissue derived from the mesoderm during embryogenesis. This tissue type is characterized by a loose, non-epithelial organization and includes a variety of cell types such as fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondroblasts, myoblasts, and adipocytes.
Origin[edit | edit source]
Mesenchymal tissue originates from the mesoderm, one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The mesoderm is the middle layer of cells that forms during gastrulation. It lies between the ectoderm, the outermost layer, and the endoderm, the innermost layer.
Characteristics[edit | edit source]
Mesenchymal cells are characterized by their ability to migrate, proliferate, and differentiate into a variety of cell types. They are also characterized by their lack of polarity and the presence of abundant extracellular matrix.
Types of Mesenchymal Cells[edit | edit source]
There are several types of mesenchymal cells, including:
- Fibroblasts: These cells produce the structural framework for animal tissues and play a critical role in wound healing.
- Osteoblasts: These cells are responsible for bone formation.
- Chondroblasts: These cells produce cartilage.
- Myoblasts: These cells are the precursors of muscle cells.
- Adipocytes: These cells store fat.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells[edit | edit source]
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts, chondroblasts, myocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs have been found in a variety of tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and placenta.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Mesenchymal cells and their derivatives have significant clinical implications. They are involved in a variety of pathological conditions, including fibrosis, tumors, and metabolic disorders. On the other hand, mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise in regenerative medicine due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types and their capacity for self-renewal.
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
